A Quick and Complete Guide to IEEE referencing

What is Referencing?

It is necessary to acknowledge other people’s work or ideas when writing; hence, the sources used in your work must be referenced. This is usually via an in-text citation within the body of a text that refers to work or ideas by others.  Also, a complete reference list is provided at the end of the written materials of works or ideas taken from others.

What is IEEE?

IEEE signifies the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. It is used primarily for electronics, engineering, telecommunications, computer science, and information technology reports. This referencing style uses citation numbers placed in square brackets as in-text citations, in the order of appearance. All the dates, punctuation, and page numbers depend on the type of reference cited. Its reference list is arranged numerically and not alphabetically.

In-text Citation

In-text citation in IEEE referencing is a number, noted within the text. The number is sequential and is enclosed within square brackets close to the cited text. The numbers link to the specific reference. The number used in the citation is used in all subsequent references that the source appears. The reference number is used on the same line as the text, without any breakage through punctuation.

In-text citation can be done in different ways. For example:

• Paul [1], at the beginning of his research…
• …he stated that at the end [1].
• Whenever we want the middle [2], we say…
• Several researchers [1, 4, 7, 10] disagree…
• There is a lot of research [3], [6, pp. 56-60], [9], [14] – [19] that speak…
  • You can mention pages, and other specific information in the source e.g., [5, p 6], [6, Fig. 5], [4, Ch. 9]
• Carlos [1] and Slim and Helu [3]…
• Trump et al. [7]
  • ‘et al. is used where you have three or more names

Reference List

• Format of writing the list varies, depending on the type of material used;
• Usually provided at the end of the paper, separate from the body of text;
• It is the sequential arrangement of the citations;
• Aligned to the left (not justified)
• Single-space for each entry;
• Double-space between entries
• Numbers enclosed in bracket, on the left margin
• Name of author or editor
  • Initials of the given name
  • The initial comes before the surname;
  • List up to six names;
  • If more than six, use ‘et al.’
• The references must end with a full stop each, except those ending with a URL or DOI;
• Where there is a URL and DOI – place them in this order and end the DOI with a full stop;

 

BOOKS

J. K. Author, | “Title of chapter in the book,” | in Title of His Published Book, | Editor, Ed., | xth ed. | City of Publisher, (only U.S. State), Country: Abbrev. of Publisher, | year, | ch. x, | sec. x, | pp. xxx–xxx. Available: http://www.web.com

NOTE: The order provided above is the full picture. Where certain details are missing, it may still be correct (e.g., chapter, edition, pages, or section, URL)

For example:

• Single Author: W. K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems. Belmont, CA: WadsworthPress, 2003.
• Two Authors: B. Klaus and P. Horn, Robot Vision. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press, 1986.
• Edited Book: R. L. Myer, “Parametric oscillators and nonlinear materials,” in Nonlinear Optics, vol. 4, P. G. Harper and B. S. Wherret, Eds. San Francisco, CA, USA: Academic, 1977, pp. 47–160.
• Institutional Author: Westinghouse Electric Corporation (Staff of Technology and Science, Aerospace Div.), Integrated Electronic Systems. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice-Hall, 1970
• EBook: L. Bass, P. Clements, and R. Kazman, Software Architecture in Practice, 2nd ed. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley, 2003. [E-book] Available: Safari e-book. Or G. O. Young, “Synthetic structure of industrial plastics,” in Plastics, vol. 3, Polymers of Hexadromicon, J. Peters, Ed., 2nd ed. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15–64. [Online]. Available: http://www.bookref.com. Or The Terahertz Wave eBook. ZOmega Terahertz Corp., 2014. [Online]. Available: http://dl.z-thz.com/eBook/zomega_ebook_pdf_1206_sr.pdf. Accessed: May 19, 2014.

Conferences and Conference Proceedings

J. K. Author, | “Title of paper,” | presented at the Abbreviated Name of Conf., | City of Conf., | Abbrev. State, | Country, | Month and day(s), | year, | Paper number

NOTE: where the name of the conference has an ordinal number as a part, don’t spell it out – use the numerical form (e.g., “3rd” instead of “Third”)

• Paper presented: D. Caratelli, M. C. Viganó, G. Toso, and P. Angeletti, “Analytical placement technique for sparse arrays,” presented at the 32nd ESA Antenna Workshop, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, Oct. 5–8, 2010. Or G. W. Juette and L. E. Zeffanella, “Radio noise currents on short sections on bundle conductors,” presented at the IEEE Summer Power Meeting, Dallas, TX, USA, Jun. 22–27, 1990, Paper 90 SM 690-0 PWRS.
• Print: A. Amador-Perez and R. A. Rodriguez-Solis, “Analysis of a CPW-fed annular slot ring antenna using DOE,” in Proc. IEEE Antennas Propag. Soc. Int. Symp., Jul. 2006, pp. 4301–4304.
  • ‘presented at…’ has been replaced with ‘in’
  • Location is optional
• With DOI: G. Veruggio, “The EURON roboethics roadmap,” in Proc. Humanoids ’06: 6th IEEE-RAS Int. Conf. Humanoid Robots, 2006, pp. 612–617, doi: 10.1109/ICHR.2006.321337.
• Conference Paper Online: J. K. Author. | (Date). | Title. | Presented at Abbreviated Conf. title. | [Type of Medium]. | Available: site/path/file: J. A. Taylor. (Nov. 2006). Assessment: A tool for development and engagement in the first year of university study. Presented at Engaging Students: 9th Pacific Rim in Higher Education (FYHE) Conf., Griffith, Australia. [Online]. Available: http://www.fyhe.com.au/past_papers/2006/Papers/Taylor.pdf

Dataset

Author, | “Title.” | (Date, Year). | Distributed by Publisher/Distributor. | http://url.com (or if DOI is used, end with a period)

• Treatment episode dataset: Discharges (TEDS-D): Concatenated, 2006 to 2009, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies, Aug. 2013, doi: 10.3886/ICPSR30122.v2
• With DOI: Title, | Source, | Date, | doi: xxx: Treatment episode dataset: Discharges (TEDS-D): Concatenated, 2006 to 2009, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies, Aug. 2013, doi: 10.3886/ICPSR30122.v2.

Manuals/Software

J. K. Author (or Abbrev. Name of Co., City of Co. Abbrev. State, Country). Name of Manual/Handbook, x ed. (year). Accessed: Date. [Online]. Available: http://www.url.com

• Print Manual: Transmission Systems for Communications, 3rd ed., Western Electric Co., Winston-Salem, NC, USA,1985, pp. 44–60
• Online: L. Breimann. Manual on Setting Up, Using, and Understanding Random Forests v4.0. (2003). Accessed: Apr. 16, 2014. [Online]. Available: http://oz.berkeley.edu/users/breiman/Using_random_forests_v4.0.pdf
• Software: Title of Software. | (version or year), | Publisher Name. | Accessed: Date (when applicable). | [Type of Medium]. Available: site/path/file: Antenna Products. (2011). Antcom. Accessed: Feb. 12, 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.antcom.com/documents/catalogs/L1L2GPSAntennas.pdf

Patent Online

J. K. Author, | “Title of patent,” | Country Patent | xxx, | Abbrev. | Month, day, year.

Name of the invention, | by inventor’s name. | (year, month day). | Patent Number [Type of medium].  | Available:site/path/file

• J. P. Wilkinson, “Nonlinear resonant circuit devices,” U.S. Patent 3 624 125, Jul. 16, 1990.
• Musical toothbrush with adjustable neck and mirror, by L. M. R. Brooks. (1992, May 19). Patent D 326 189 [Online]. Available: NEXIS Library: LEXPAT File: DESIGN

Theses and Dissertations

J. K. Author, “Title of dissertation/thesis,” Ph.D. or M.S. thesis, Abbrev. Dept., | Abbrev. Univ., | City of Univ., | Abbrev. State, | year. [medium]

• Not online: J. O. Williams, “Narrow-band analyzer,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA, USA, 1993.
• Online: F. Jensen, “Electromagnetic near-field far-field correlations,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Tech. Univ. Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark, 1970. [Online]. Available: www.tud.ed/jensen/diss

WEBSITE

J. K. Author. | “Page Title.” | Website Title. | Web Address (retrieved Date Accessed).

• J. Smith. “Obama inaugurated as President.” CNN.com. http://www.cnn.com/POLITICS/01/21/obama_inaugurated/index.html (accessed Feb. 1, 2009).

Online Video (e.g., YouTube)

Owner/Creator, | Location (if available). | Title of Video: In Initial Caps. | (Release date). | Accessed: Month Day, Year. | [Online Video]. | Available: http://URL.onlinevideo.org

• mtaOnline1, Fazi Mosque, U.K. An Occasionally Accurate History of Australia: Part I. (Oct. 23, 2006). Accessed: Oct. 6, 2010. [Online Video]. Available: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IJjNsCVHc34

Standards

Title of Standard, | Standard number, | Corporate author, | location, | date. Or Title of Standard, | Standard number, | date.

• Parameter Values for Ultra-High Definition Television Systems for Switzerland, Production and International Programme Exchange, Rec. ITU-R BT.2020-2, International Telecommunications Union, Geneva, Switzerland, Oct. 2015.
• IEEE Criteria for Class IE Electric Systems, IEEE Standard 308, 1969.
• Frequency Response and Bias, NERC Reliability Standard BAL-003-0.1b, May 2009. [Online]. Available: http://www.nerc.com/files/BAL-003-0_1b.pdf

Reports

J. K. Author, | “Title of report,” | Abbrev. Name of Company., |City of Co., | Abbrev. State, | Country, Rep. | xxx, | year.

• E. E. Reber, R. L. Michell, and C. J. Carter, “Oxygen absorption in the earth’s atmosphere,” Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, CA, USA, Tech. Rep. TR-0200 (4230-46)-3, Nov. 1988.
• Online: R. J. Hijmans and J. van Etten, “Raster: Geographic analysis and modelling with raster data,” R Package Version 2.0-12, Jan. 12, 2012. [Online]. Available: http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=raster

See also: 

A Quick and Complete Guide to Oxford Referencing

A Quick Guide to Harvard Referencing

A Quick Guide to Vancouver Referencing

A Quick Guide to MLA (8th edition) Referencing

A Quick Guide to IEEE Referencing in Microsoft Word

A Quick Guide To IEEE Referencing

A Quick Guide To APA 7 Referencing

A Quick Guide To American Meteorological Society (AMS) Style Referencing

A Quick And Complete Guide To Chicago Referencing

A Quick Guide To MHRA Referencing

A Quick Guide To OSCOLA Referencing

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